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Glossary
Cancer
An uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells, creating a tumor that can invade surrounding tissues and may spread (metastasis) to distant organs.
Carcinogen
A substance that causes or is believed to cause cancer. A carcinogenic substance is one that is known to cause cancer.
Carcinogenicity
The complex process whereby normal body cells are transformed to cancer cells.
CAS Number
Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number is a unique identifier for a chemical and its synonyms. CAS numbers identify the chemical, but not its concentration or specific mixture. CAS Registry Numbers are assigned by the Chemical Abstracts Service, a division of the American Chemical Society. For more information: www.cas.org
We have assigned "ID numbers" (with 6 leading zeros or nines, e.g., 000000-xx-x , 888888-xx-x) or 999999-xx-x) for blends and chemicals that do not have CAS numbers.
Chronic Dose
Substance administered or received gradually over a long period of time (months to years).
Chronic Effect
An effect that either shows up a long time after an exposure (the latency period) or an effect that results from a long-term (chronic) exposure.
Chronic Health Effect
An adverse health effect resulting from long-term exposure to a substance.
Cirrhosis
A chronic condition of the liver in which liver cells are replaced by fibrous cells.
CNS
The central nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord.
Combustible Liquid
U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) defines a combustible liquid as:
"[A]ny liquid having a flashpoint at or above 100 °F. (37.8 °C.)." for General Industry.
"[A]ny liquid having a flash point at or above 140 °F. (60 °C.) and below 200 °F. (93.4 °C.)." for Construction Work.
Combustible Solid
Solids that are capable of igniting and burning.
Control Group
It is the group of patients that serves as the basis of comparison when assessing the effects of the intervention of interest that is given to the patients in the treatment group. Depending upon the circumstances of the trial, a control group may receive no treatment, a "usual" or "standard" treatment, or a placebo.
Cornea
The transparent front surface of the eye.
Corrosion
Direct chemical action that results in irreversible damage at the site of contact. It is manifested by ulceration, necrosis, and scar formation.
CPSC
Consumer Product Safety Commission. It is a federal agency responsible for protecting the public from products that pose a fire, electrical, chemical, or mechanical hazard or can injure children. For more information: www.cpsc.gov
cpid
The Consumer Product Information Database (cpid) contains health effects information for products used in the home that contain chemicals. The cpid links brand names to health effects and allows consumers to select brands based on their individual sensitivity to specific chemical ingredients. This database does not contain any information about foods or pharmaceuticals.
Chemical of Concern (CoC)
Several State Agencies in the United States have required manufacturers of certain consumer products to disclose specific chemical ingredients that may pose health and or safety hazards to consumers. These specific chemicals appear in lists of chemicals of concern generated by state agencies. This database will attempt to flag these chemical ingredients whenever they are shown to be associated with specific products in the Consumer Product Information Database (cpid). Links are are also provided to the sources.
CoC
Chemical of Concern